Telephone-relay.



F. LOWENSTEIN.

TELEPHONE RELAY. APPLlATloN fuso APH. 24. 1912. nENEwED-APR. 26, |911.

Lm, Patented .my s, 19W.,

ein'.

cmtion riflettere rot.

ree u n relu Application tiled. .h M, 181%, @erick Wo. ttf ,@M. Renewed April tft will. @Airtel me. llldll.

vide e relay by means ol which the rela-- tion of the potentiel didces ol the complex incomin Aspeech currents is well 1t maintained in ft telephone receiver so that the sound reproduced .by the receiver dieph will he composed of waves ot practice iy'the seme frequencies es impin upon the trensrnitter oliephre, end, what vto l consider most importent, these vnrious frequencies will heve shout e se reles uve plitudes es in the orinl mund Waves sctueting the :www As n resuit ci this the reproduced sound is intel ne ligitle.

lt is frequently the cese with long dis tence telephoningthat under coin conditions the sound ot e speokerls voice mcy he hoord very pleinly in the receiver, while nt to the seine time it is unintelligible. .its e ne suit of enperents l have escertcined that this leclr of intelligihility is due princi` pelly to the lect thut the speech currents ol higher frequencies nre ottenueted to e to eter reletive ententthnn ere the sech currents ici low frequency due to electricel properties of e. long line, so thet the inconia ing speech current is distorted Further more, this distortion is hut little ohecterl tu hy teinol conditions, und hence reloys or receiving epporetus functioning according to current velues cannot edy the distor tion or compensate lor the edects thereon.

@n lthe other hund the terminnl `volte s et nre materially udected by terminati con itions, end hence itis possible to select such tcrminel conditions es will enable the reletive amplitudes of the originel voltngesto be wellnminteined et the incoming endA .tu ol the line. Therefore, e reloy epperetus which functions according to terminal voltages is well adapted for the production ot receiver operating currents of the desired ohsolute strengths und in 'the relative tt strengths necessary lor the successful operetion of the telephone receiver.

My invention will non he E connection with one tui-P The drinvmg 1s n diugrnntic view ol so much of onewell known form of telel und 2, nre used tor the three www: ol

ringing, crophone operetion d wir. mitting thetnllring current. en the stotion is not in use and the :e: is ou hoolr 3 the line l-2 is connec only throu h the bridge contoining e hell t ol highse tinductence end efcondenser 5 proportioned so ns to he in rcsonence `with the sell-inductonce t on lt cycles, which uency is used tor ringing cure When the receiver is removed troni the hoolr t, the line l2 is closed elec hy wey oi primer coil, seite contuct l' und microphone 8 0n the mine cone with primery t oli the induction coil is secondery it, one terrninel oli which is connected on the junction point l@ hete'een the hell end condenser or the ringing circuit end thc other terniinel oil which connects throu h the telephone re ceiver und contnct switch ll one @de oil the primary t oil the induction coil.

Aln epplying my instrument l' suhstitnte lor the usuel telephone receiver the prirnery ,l2 ot e step-up trenslornier which producer in its secondery l -cornperetively high potentinl it le is en ion or electron controller, or oudion, consisting ol n conteiner l5 cvncuntcd end provided with en incendescent hlernent lt, en nnode l? end n nooduleting or controlling mernher lh, which in the present exemple is n incre .ila ln cnndescent tiennent lt is teil hy hir l@ through on erljustehle rhet 2h rech permitshne ndjustrnents ol the inndesconce ol the hlnrnont. A buttery 2l is pron vided which furnishes current through the evacuated held, the positive pole ol the lonttery .lening connected to snodo il, n negetive point ol the buttery heing connected to hlnrnent lt., The potentiels cted in secondary i3 ore merle to 1 control the current howin through the ionic held und originating in buttery 2l hy connecting the oncterniincl of coil i3 to the modulntin member i8 end the other terrninel ol sei coil to e point on the hettery 2l, which is t ol the telephone induction lill) '1g connected, for example, to a tive connection is 15 nection is fully established by repeated tests which I have carried out in actual practice. I therefore note the fact without ,ttem ting to explain it. Both the positive an the f lultranegative oints, of connection to bat- 30 tery 21 are a justable to enable variation of the driving potential of battery 21 for the ionic field and of the ultranegative potential. A telephone of many convolutions, may be inserte at 22, but to enable the use 35 of 'the usual ,commercial telephone where' desired, 22 should be a high winding of an induction coil transformm the energy from small current and hig potential in coil 28 into a current of lower potential but 30 higher amperage so as to make this energy more available or the commercial telephone receiver 24.

The operation of the ionic controller is as follows:

The incandescent filament 1 6 produces ionization of the gas contained in container 15 and thereb makes the gas a conductor.

The potential etween filament 16 and anode 17. derived from battery 21 creates a static field between such filament and anode which exerts a driving power on the iomzed gas articles which come in contact with incan escent filament 16 and which are thereby electrically charged. 'A negative charge in 45 an electric lield is acted upon by a force in the direction of the field lines from negative lte positive point of theiield and the amount ofnegative current which is thereforeconveyed through the field is dependent on the ionization power of the filament, the :quantity of. t e individual charge and the strength of the electric field.

The ionization power of the filament is a function of its temperature and therefore of its incandescence. The individual char is a function of the ne ative potential of t e filamentand also of t e de ree of evacuation. The intensity of the lie dis a function of the lpotential diiierence between filament and anode and of their distance, which two dependencies may therefore be ex ressed .as

the potential gradient of the tiel Therefore the current in the ionic lield circuit will increase with the incandescence of the iilaeg ment, the potential dierence of the battery e battery connected to the re-A ater' i,asi,m.

':.iid, up to a certain point, with the evacuaion.

B provid' a modi or controlling' deviieesuch lflcli examplylaxsigthe modulati means 18, which is subiected to an impressld potential more negative than. that of the cathode and which is adapted and arranged to inte i` ose between the anode and cathode a modi mg or controlling field of the deaired character, the potential gradient be- 7 tween the filament and the controllingde. vice or modulating means may be changed and .thereby the current which flows through the ionic circuit changed accordingly. y applying variable potentials to the modulats ing nieans 18 the currents in the ionic field circuit are varied accordingly and as the impressing of a potential on conductor 18 need not accompanied by an ap reciable expenditure of energy, whereas t e ener of s the ionic field circuit s varying considerably, I have a means to produce great changes of energy in that lield circuit by variation of potentials which do not require ap reciable ener y.v g

avmg thus ully described my invention, whatI claim is: A

1. Tele hone apparatus comprising the combination, with a talking circuit, of a suitably energized relay circuit includ' an 9 aiiode and a cathode separated by a cdiiuctive gap, a modulatin device interposed in said gap and electrical y connected with said talking circuit, means for impressin upon said modulating.A device a .potentie more 1. negative thanl t at of said cathode, and a translating device varranged to be energized from said relay circuit.

2. Tele hone receiving a paratus, comprising t e .combination wit a talking cir- 1. cuit, of an ion controller having an anode and a cathode connected in a second circuit electrically related to said talking circuit, a modulating device interposed between said anode an cathode, means for energizing 1j said modulating device from said talkin circuit and also from a source of potentie which is negative with respect to said cathode, and a telephone receiver arranged to be enered from the controller circuit. 1;

Tele one receiving a paratus comprisin t e combination, wit a-talking circuit, o an ionic controller having an anode and a cathode suitably spaced apart a batter connections from said an e and 1: cat ode to thel battery, a grid electrically connected to said talking circuit and interposed between said anode and cathode, a connection from said id to said battery, the battery connecton o the grid being negative 1i with respect to the battery connection of the cathode, and a telephone receiver arranged to bev energized circuit.

4. Telephone apparatus comprising the 1a roml'the controller combination, with a talking circuit of a co operating circuit suitably energized and in'- cluding an anode and a cathode separated by a Vconductive gap,4 a. moying or controlling device interposed between said anode and cathode and subjected to an impressed potential more negative than that of said cathode, and a third circuit energizedby said coperating circuit. l

5. The combination, with an exhausted container, and an anode and a cathode located therein and included in a suitably energized circuit, of a modifying or'control- 1in device interposed between said anode 'an lcathode and connected to a source of potential more negative than said cathode,

and-another circuit inductively related to the rst mentioned circuit.

6. The combination, with an exha :e container, and an anode and a cathode lo cated therein and included in a suitably encrgized circuit, of a modityngor controltial more negative than said catho and adapted and arranged to influence, the character of the eld between said anode and cathode, and another circuit inductively related to the rst mentioned circuit.

-7. The combination, with an audion hayin? its anode and cathode included in a suitab y energized circuit, ot means for impro@- ing upon the audion grid a otential more neatlve than that of the au ion cathode.

n witness whereof li have hereunto aitxed my hand this tenth day of January,

FRHZ WWENSTElIN.

.ling device connected to a source ofoten- 

